Crohn's disease is a common intestinal pathology, which can be accompanied by several complications. In Spain alone it is estimated that there are about 115 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Most begin to express symptoms before the age of 30. In fact, almost 25% suffer from them before the age of 18.
Unfortunately, the origin of this disease is still unknown. In any case, it can have a very important impact on all aspects of the life of those who suffer from it. Because? Below, we tell you more about its symptoms and complications.
What is Crohn's disease?
The chronic inflammatory condition that affects the digestive tract is what is known as Crohn's disease. It occurs when an inflammatory process develops that compromises segments of any part of the digestive system,
In most people, the disease affects the ileum, that is, the final part of the small intestine. Inflammation causes abdominal damage and symptoms. For example, abdominal pain or malnutrition problems.
Until now, this disorder is still largely unknown to scientists. Its exact cause is not known, although it is related to an alteration of the immune system.
It is believed that an important factor in its development is the hereditary factor. Studies suggest that the disease is more common in people who have a family history of it.
Another hypothesis relates this pathology to infections by viruses or bacteria. Likewise, it has been determined that other factors, such as diet or stress, can aggravate symptoms.
What symptoms does Crohn's disease cause?
Crohn's disease is very heterogeneous in terms of symptoms. Some people express mild discomfort, which almost goes unnoticed. However, others manifest complications that can be life-threatening.
Although it affects any part of the digestive tract, lesions are more frequently located at the end of the small intestine or in the colon. Depending on its location, the symptoms may be one or another. In addition, they can occur with stages of remission.
That is, there are symptomatic periods and others in which the symptoms disappear or are attenuated. One of the most common is abdominal pain, which can be very intense. Other clinical manifestations are the following:
- Diarrhea.
- Blood in the stool (only in some cases).
- Involuntary weight loss.
- Nutrient deficiency.
- Prolonged fatigue.
- Alterations in the growth process (in the case of children).
Crohn's disease and its complications
Without proper treatment, Crohn's disease tends to cause health complications. The inflammatory process leads to progressive tissue damage and, in turn, the formation of fibrous tissue (scarring) in the area of the injury.
When the affected area is the intestine, this scar tissue can cause the intestine to narrow. This, in many cases, leads to intestinal obstruction. The contents of digestion cannot pass through that area.
Another common complication is ulcers. They are formed when inflammation damages the wall and mucosa more deeply, whether in the intestine, stomach or any area.
These same ulcers, if they become too extensive, can generate a fistula. These are communications between two areas that, normally, are not connected. For example, there may be a fistula connecting the intestine to the skin.
Meanwhile, if the rectum or anus is injured, an anal fissure may occur. It consists of the skin of the anus cracking. As it is an area that is in contact with feces, the risk of infection is very high.
Many people with Crohn's disease have digestion and nutrition problems. Not only is it about weight loss, but there can also be vitamin deficiency and anemia. It even increases the risk of suffering from osteoporosis.
Numerous studies associate this pathology with a higher risk of suffering from colon cancer. It is important to keep in mind that this happens when the affected area is the colon.
Treating Crohn's disease is important
Crohn's disease is a fairly common chronic pathology. Although to date there is no treatment that can cure it, several therapeutic options are available to manage its symptoms and prevent complications.
Therefore, you should always consult a doctor if you have any warning symptoms, such as persistent diarrhea or blood in the stool. The professional will carry out the relevant studies to reach the diagnosis and choose the most appropriate treatment.
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