Most people associate joint inflammation with arthritis, so they don't think that eye inflammation can develop because of arthritis, since it's usually expected to develop in other parts of the body, not the eyes, as in these cases.
Any inflammatory disorder that affects collagen, the main component of connective tissue, can damage the sclera (sclera), the white outer layer of the eye, and the cornea that allows light to pass through, as they are basically made of collagen.
These are four disorders related to various types of arthritis:
Dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerophthalmia)
For various reasons, including the ingestion of certain medications or damage to the tear-producing glands, the eye is unable to maintain an adequate film of moisture covering it. This film not only lubricates the eye but also protects it from external particles and is essential for good vision.
Dry eye syndrome is the most common ophthalmological manifestation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Women are more affected by this condition.
Scleritis (inflammation of the sclera)
The sclera, the white part of the eye, becomes inflamed due to inflammatory processes, causing it or the cornea to thin, making it susceptible to minor trauma that can break it.
Symptoms of this condition include redness that does not respond to over-the-counter eye drop treatment, sharp, deep pain, light sensitivity, and sometimes impaired vision.
In some cases, treatment for scleritis may include corticosteroid eye drops to control inflammation, but often the problem lies within the eye and is treated with topical medications. Scleritis typically indicates rampant inflammation, not only in the eyes but throughout the rest of the body, so keeping arthritis under control is essential.
Glaucoma
Eye disorders that result in damage to the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. The cause is often high pressure within the eyeball, but not always. In a healthy eye, a nutrient fluid called aqueous humor flows through the front of the eye and is regulated by a drainage valve known as the trabecular meshwork. If this becomes inflamed, intraocular pressure can increase to the point of causing glaucoma.
Glaucoma symptoms can include eye pain, blurred vision, or black spots, and rainbow-like halos around lights. In the early stages, symptoms usually don't appear.
Regular eye exams can identify the problem in its early stages and improve the prognosis.
Waterfalls
Inflammation of the eyeball can cloud the normally clear optical lens, which is known as a cataract. Cloudy or blurred vision, decreased night vision, and colors that appear washed out are all symptoms you may experience if you have cataracts. Cataracts can be operated on; in this case, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with a synthetic one.
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